Show hidden files in Finder
Run the following in a terminal to show hidden files in Finder. The defaults command updates the preference; killall Finder restarts Finder so the change takes effect.
defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles -boolean true && killall Finder
To hide them again, flip the boolean to false and run it again.
Update: May 2026
You don't need the terminal command. Since macOS Sierra, Finder has a built-in keyboard shortcut: ⌘⇧. (Command + Shift + period). Press it once and hidden files appear; press it again and they're gone. It works in Open/Save dialogs too.
The defaults command is still the right answer if you want hidden files visible permanently across sessions, or if you're scripting setup for a new machine.
Restored from the Wayback Machine. Body lightly edited; update section added.